Cytomolecular trends in Chamaecrista Moench (Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) diversification.

Chamaecrista is a Pantropical legume genus of the tribe Cassieae, which includes six other genera. In contrast to most of the other Cassieae genera, Chamaecrista shows significant variability in chromosome number (from 2n = 14 to 2n = 56), with small and morphologically similar chromosomes. Here, we performed a new cytomolecular analysis on chromosome number, genome size, and rDNA site distribution in a molecular phylogenetic perspective to interpret the karyotype trends of Chamaecrista and other two genera of Cassieae, seeking to understand their systematics and evolution. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chamaecrista is monophyletic and can be divided into four major clades corresponding to the four sections of the genus. Chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 14, 16 (section Chamaecrista) to 2n = 28 (sections Absus, Apoucouita, and Baseophyllum). The number of 5S and 35S rDNA sites varied between one and three pairs per karyotype, distributed on different chromosomes or in synteny, with no obvious phylogenetic significance. Our data allowed us to propose x = 7 as the basic chromosome number of Cassieae, which was changed by polyploidy generating x = 14 (sections Absus, Apoucouita, and Baseophyllum) and by ascending dysploidy to x = 8 (section Chamaecrista). The DNA content values supported this hypothesis, with the genomes of the putative tetraploids being larger than those of the putative diploids. We hypothesized that ascending dysploidy, polyploidy, and rDNA amplification/deamplification are the major events in the karyotypic diversification of Chamaecrista. The chromosomal marks characterized here may have cytotaxonomic potential in future studies.

KNL1 and NDC80 represent new universal markers for the detection of functional centromeres in plants.

Centromere is the chromosomal site of kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment for chromosome segregation. Given its importance, markers that allow specific labeling of centromeric chromatin throughout the cell cycle and across all chromosome types are sought for facilitating various centromere studies. Antibodies against the N-terminal region of CENH3 are commonly used for this purpose, since CENH3 is the near-universal marker of functional centromeres. However, because the N-terminal region of CENH3 is highly variable among plant species, antibodies directed against this region usually function only in a small group of closely related species. As a more versatile alternative, we present here antibodies targeted to the conserved domains of two outer kinetochore proteins, KNL1 and NDC80. Sequence comparison of these domains across more than 350 plant species revealed a high degree of conservation, particularly within a six amino acid motif, FFGPVS in KNL1, suggesting that both antibodies would function in a wide range of plant species. This assumption was confirmed by immunolabeling experiments in angiosperm (monocot and dicot) and gymnosperm species, including those with mono-, holo-, and meta-polycentric chromosomes. In addition to centromere labeling on condensed chromosomes during cell division, both antibodies detected the corresponding regions in the interphase nuclei of most species tested. These results demonstrated that KNL1 and NDC80 are better suited for immunolabeling centromeres than CENH3, because antibodies against these proteins offer incomparably greater versatility across different plant species which is particularly convenient for studying the organization and function of the centromere in non-model species.

Generalized anxiety disorder and associated factors in primary health care workers in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had direct and indirect impacts on public health, also affecting the mental health of the population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors, in primary health care (PHC) professionals. METHODS: Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with professionals who work in the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Northern health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through an online, self-administered questionnaire, made available from August 27, 2021, to October 30, 2021 using the Google Forms tool. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions as well as questions related to the history of anxiety and work during the pandemic. To assess anxiety symptoms, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument was used. Data treatment consisted of descriptive analysis of the variables, bivariate analysis followed by multivariate Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS: 702 health professionals participated in the study and the general prevalence of GAD was 32.2%. Current anxiety symptoms were self-reported by 37.6% of the participants. In the final model, the associated factors identified were: female sex (PR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.84; p = 0.007), previous symptoms (PR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.19-2.10; p = 0.002) and (PR = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.00-3.62; p < 0.001) current self-reported anxiety. CONCLUSION: The results show the need to implement actions in mental health promotion and anxiety prevention, through the dissemination of information about mental health care, health education activities, encouraging the adoption of healthy habits and professional monitoring when necessary.

Evaluation of remote teaching in master programs in the Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian multicentric study

Background: With the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need to adopt online teaching methods in a generalized and sudden way, a situation that led to unprecedented changes in the routine of post-graduate students and research development. This study aimed to analyze the evaluation of remote teaching by graduates of master's degrees and advisors in master's programs in the Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine who needed to adapt to a remote teaching methodology in the pandemic. Material and Methods: This quantitative study evaluated the remote teaching in the perception of master's graduates and advisors from postgraduate programs in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. Data were collected through an online Google forms® questionnaire. Results: Participated in the study 14 master graduates and 14 master's advisors. Master graduates evaluated that the professors had a good performance (p=0.001), that the duration of the classes was adequate (p=0.015), that the interaction with professors was satisfactory (p=0.007), that they had good interaction with the advisor (p=0.001), that they were satisfied with the remote guidance process (p=0.038) and that face-to-face practical activities were missed (p=0.002). Master's advisors reported satisfaction with remote teaching, good adaptation (p=0.018) and motivation for remote teaching (p=0.016), they evaluated that students were cooperative in activities (p=0.019) and that face-to-face practical activities were missed (p=0.002). Conclusions: Despite the difficulties, remote teaching proved to be an effective alternative to face-to-face teaching. (AU)

Letramento em saúde e a prática do profissional da enfermagem nos cuidados aos idosos / Health literacy and the practice of nursing professionals in caring for the elderly

Objetivo: descrever a importância do Letramento em Saúde para a prática do profissional da enfermagem nos cuidados aos idosos, com base na literatura recente. Método: revisão da literatura realizada nas bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS e MEDLINE entre fevereiro e maio de 2022 no período de 2015 até 2022. Os artigos selecionados para análise e interpretação tinham como critérios: serem originais, publicados no idioma português, inglês e espanhol, disponibilizados gratuitamente, com abordagem sobre o letramento em saúde em relação ao idoso. Resultados: foi destacado três vertentes: o envelhecimento no Brasil e o impacto na saúde dos idosos, o letramento em saúde e a relação com profissional de saúde e paciente e a população idosa e o acesso à saúde. Conclusão: o Letramento em Saúde é condição fundamental para o sucesso dos tratamentos dos idosos.(AU)

Objective: To describe the importance of Health Literacy for the practice of nursing professionals in caring for the elderly, based on recent literature. Method: Literature review conducted in the SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases between February and May 2022, covering the period from 2015 to 2022. The selected articles for analysis and interpretation met the following criteria: being original, published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, freely available, and addressing health literacy in relation to the elderly. Results: Three aspects were highlighted: aging in Brazil and its impact on the health of the elderly, health literacy and its relationship with healthcare professionals and patients, and the elderly population's access to healthcare. Conclusion: Health Literacy is a fundamental condition for the success of treatments for the elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir la importancia del Letramiento en Salud para la práctica de los profesionales de enfermería en la atención a los ancianos, basándose en la literatura reciente. Método: Revisión de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos SCIELO, LILACS y MEDLINE entre febrero y mayo de 2022, abarcando el período desde 2015 hasta 2022. Los artículos seleccionados para el análisis e interpretación debían cumplir con los siguientes criterios: ser originales, publicados en portugués, inglés o español, estar disponibles de forma gratuita y abordar el letramiento en salud en relación con los ancianos. Resultados: Se destacaron tres aspectos: el envejecimiento en Brasil y su impacto en la salud de los ancianos, el letramiento en salud y su relación con los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes, y el acceso de la población anciana a la atención médica. Conclusión: El Letramiento en Salud es una condición fundamental para el éxito de los tratamientos de los ancianos.(AU)

Impact XP-endo finisher on the 1-year follow-up success of posterior root canal treatments: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical relevance of using the XP-endo Finisher as a supplementary tool to improve the success of root canal treatment of posterior teeth with apical periodontitis, as assessed by 1-year follow-up. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 92 posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. Root canal treatment was performed using a single reciprocating file, with or without the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher. The status of apical periodontitis was assessed using the periapical index (PAI) at baseline and 1 year follow-up. Changes on PAI indicated that the lesions were healed, healing, or not healed. Successful treatments were defined as healed or healing lesions without clinical symptoms. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the distribution of healing status between the XP-endo Finisher group and the control group (p = 0.690). The success rates were also similar, with 81% in the XP-endo Finisher group and 78% in the control group. However, gender had a significant impact on success rates, with higher rates observed in females. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the XP-endo Finisher file as a supplementary tool did not affect the success rate of root canal treatment in posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. The findings indicate that the XP-endo Finisher file has limited clinical relevance in improving treatment outcomes for root canal treatment in posterior teeth with apical periodontitis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under identification number RBR-76w7cj (June 19, 2018).

Disruption of the standard kinetochore in holocentric Cuscuta species.

The segregation of chromosomes depends on the centromere. Most species are monocentric, with the centromere restricted to a single region per chromosome. In some organisms, the monocentric organization changed to holocentric, in which the centromere activity is distributed over the entire chromosome length. However, the causes and consequences of this transition are poorly understood. Here, we show that the transition in the genus Cuscuta was associated with dramatic changes in the kinetochore, a protein complex that mediates the attachment of chromosomes to microtubules. We found that in holocentric Cuscuta species, the KNL2 genes were lost; the CENP-C, KNL1, and ZWINT1 genes were truncated; the centromeric localization of CENH3, CENP-C, KNL1, MIS12, and NDC80 proteins was disrupted; and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) degenerated. Our results demonstrate that holocentric Cuscuta species lost the ability to form a standard kinetochore and do not employ SAC to control the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes.

Supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on postoperative pain in posterior teeth with periapical lesions: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on postoperative endodontic pain. METHODS: This study was a randomized clinical trial with a parallel design. Ninety-two posterior teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis were instrumented with a single file (Reciproc) in a reciprocating movement followed or not (control) by additional instrumentation with XP-endo Finisher. Postoperative pain was assessed 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days after the endodontic treatment (single session) using a universal pain assessment tool. The pain level was scored as absent, mild, moderate, or severe. The occurrence of sealer extrusion and flare-up was also recorded. Data on postoperative pain were analyzed through chi-square analysis, and the odds ratio was adjusted using a logistic regression model (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Similar levels and risks of postoperative pain were observed for both interventions, regardless of the assessment time. Approximately half of the participants presented any postoperative pain in the first 24 h after the endodontic treatment, and this occurrence reduced by less than 20% after 72 h. The extrusion of root filling material was observed in 36% of cases, and no participant presented flared-up. CONCLUSIONS: The supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher file did not affect the incidence or level of postoperative pain reported after the endodontic treatment of posterior teeth with periapical lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher did not affect postoperative pain following the endodontic treatment of posterior teeth using a single-file reciprocating system. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under identification number RBR-76w7cj (June 19, 2018).

Níveis séricos de antígeno prostático específico em pacientes de um hospital de Goiânia ­ GO / Serum levels of prostatic specific antigen in patients at a hospital in Goiânia ­ GO

O antígeno prostático específico (PSA) é o marcador mais importante para a detecção e monitoramento do câncer de próstata. Objetivo: O estudo objetivou analisar os dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos do antígeno prostático específico de pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico do Hospital do Policial Militar de Goiânia-GO (LC/HPM), considerando as medidas preventivas em relação ao câncer de próstata. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de 1.249 prontuários de usuários do LC/HPM. O levantamento de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos, como idade, resultados do PSA total e PSA livre foi realizado por meio de um formulário padronizado pelos pesquisadores. Foram analisados 1.249 exames de PSA L/T, dos quais 58 (4,6%) apresentaram PSA total com resultados entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e 16 (1,3%) apresentaram concomitantemente valores de PSA total entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e relação PSA L/T < 25%. Os pacientes apresentaram faixa etária entre 34 e 93 anos, sendo a média 60 anos. Tornou-se evidente que tanto no ano de 2018 quanto em 2019, realizou-se um número maior de exames de PSA L/T, em comparação ao ano de 2020. O estudo revelou que 16 (1,3%) pacientes apresentaram risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de neoplasia prostática, sendo observada uma diminuição do número de indivíduos que procuraram o LC/HPM para realização de exames de PSA livre e total no ano de 2020, quando comparado aos anos de 2019 e 2018, possivelmente em razão da pandemia de Covid-19, uma tendência global

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important marker for the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological and laboratory data of prostate-specific antigen of patients treated at the Clinical Laboratory of the Military Police Hospital at Goiânia-GO (CL/MPH), considering preventive measures in relation to prostate cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective study with analysis of 1,249 medical records of CL/MPH users. The collection of epidemiological and laboratory data, such as age, total PSA and free PSA results, was performed using a form standardized by the researchers. We analyzed 1,249 PSA T/F tests, and of these, of which 58 (4.6%) total PSA sink with results between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and 16 (1.3%) were concomitantly presenting total PSA values between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and PSA T/F < 25%. The patients were aged between 34 and 93 years, with a mean age of 59 years. It became evident that both in 2018 and in 2019, there were a greater number of PSA T/F exams, compared to 2020. This study revealed that 16 (1.3%) patients were at increased risk for the development of prostate cancer, with a decrease in the number of individuals who sought the CL/MPH for free and total PSA tests in 2020, compared to 2019 and 2018, possibly due to Covid-19 pandemic, a global trend

The effectiveness of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content reduction in the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In-vitro studies evaluating the use of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria content were searched in four databases in July 2020. Two authors independently screened the studies for eligibility. Data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. Data were meta-analyzed by using random-effects model to compare the effect of the supplementary use (experimental) or not (control) of the XP-endo Finisher on bacteria counting reduction, and results from different endodontic protocols were combined. Four studies met the inclusion criteria while 1 study was excluded from the meta-analysis due to its high risk of bias and outlier data. The 3 studies that made it to the meta-analysis had an unclear risk of bias for at least one criterion. RESULTS: No heterogeneity was observed among the results of the studies included in the meta-analysis. The study excluded from the meta-analysis assessing the bacteria counting deep in the dentin demonstrated further bacteria reduction upon the use of the XP-endo Finisher. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found no evidence supporting the supplementary use of the XP-endo Finisher on further bacteria counting the reduction in the root canal.

Complex sequence organization of heterochromatin in the holocentric plant Cuscuta europaea elucidated by the computational analysis of nanopore reads.

Repeat-rich regions of higher plant genomes are usually associated with constitutive heterochromatin, a specific type of chromatin that forms tightly packed nuclear chromocenters and chromosome bands. There is a large body of cytogenetic evidence that these chromosome regions are often composed of tandemly organized satellite DNA. However, comparatively little is known about the sequence arrangement within heterochromatic regions, which are difficult to assemble due to their repeated nature. Here, we explore long-range sequence organization of heterochromatin regions containing the major satellite repeat CUS-TR24 in the holocentric plant Cuscuta europaea. Using a combination of ultra-long read sequencing with assembly-free sequence analysis, we reveal the complex structure of these loci, which are composed of short arrays of CUS-TR24 interrupted frequently by emerging simple sequence repeats and targeted insertions of a specific lineage of LINE retrotransposons. These data suggest that the organization of satellite repeats constituting heterochromatic chromosome bands can be more complex than previously envisioned, and demonstrate that heterochromatin organization can be efficiently investigated without the need for genome assembly.

Impact of parasitic lifestyle and different types of centromere organization on chromosome and genome evolution in the plant genus Cuscuta.

The parasitic genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) is exceptional among plants with respect to centromere organization, including both monocentric and holocentric chromosomes, and substantial variation in genome size and chromosome number. We investigated 12 species representing the diversity of the genus in a phylogenetic context to reveal the molecular and evolutionary processes leading to diversification of their genomes. We measured genome sizes and investigated karyotypes and centromere organization using molecular cytogenetic techniques. We also performed low-pass whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis of repetitive DNA composition. A remarkable 102-fold variation in genome sizes (342-34 734 Mbp/1C) was detected for monocentric Cuscuta species, while genomes of holocentric species were of moderate sizes (533-1545 Mbp/1C). The genome size variation was primarily driven by the differential accumulation of LTR-retrotransposons and satellite DNA. The transition to holocentric chromosomes in the subgenus Cuscuta was associated with loss of histone H2A phosphorylation and elimination of centromeric retrotransposons. In addition, basic chromosome number of holocentric species (x = 7) was smaller than in monocentrics (x = 15 or 16). We demonstrated that the transition to holocentricity in Cuscuta was accompanied by significant changes in epigenetic marks, chromosome number and the repetitive DNA sequence composition.

Correction: Apical periodontitis healing and postoperative pain following endodontic treatment with a reciprocating single-file, single-cone approach: A randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227347.].

Apical periodontitis healing and postoperative pain following endodontic treatment with a reciprocating single-file, single-cone approach: A randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial.

This trial assessed post-operative pain and healing of apical periodontitis following endodontic therapy with a reciprocating system compared to a crown-down technique with hand files and lateral compaction filling. One-hundred and twenty nonvital anterior teeth with apical periodontitis were randomly treated using either a reciprocating single file followed by matching-taper single-cone filling or a hand file and lateral compaction filling. Postoperative pain was assessed during the 7 days after the treatment, using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating scale. Apical healing was assessed using the periapical index score after a 12-month follow-up. The hypothesis tested was that both protocols were equivalent and present similar effectiveness in healing periapical lesions. Data were analyzed through two one-sided tests, t-tests, as well as Mann-Whitney and Chi-squared tests (α = 0.05). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of clinical and demographic factors with the success of treatment. Regardless of the assessment time, no difference in incidence (38%-43% at first 24h), intensity of postoperative pain, and incidence of flare-up (≈ 3%) was observed between the two endodontic protocols. Both protocols resulted in a similar healing rate of apical periodontitis. After 12 months, the success rate ranged from 73% to 78% and the difference between the treatments fell within the pre-established equivalence margin (-0.1; -0.41 to 0.2). Endodontic treatment combining a reciprocating single file with matching-taper single cone showed similar clinical effectiveness to the treatment using hand-file instrumentation and the lateral compaction filling.

Effectiveness of a reciprocating single file, single cone endodontic treatment approach: a randomized controlled pragmatic clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the root filling quality, the sealer extrusion, and the healing rates of apical lesions addressed via two endodontic treatment approaches. The hypothesis tested was that both techniques present similar apical periodontitis healing results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a parallel-design, pragmatic, and randomized clinical trial. One hundred twenty anterior teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis were randomly allocated to be either instrumented with hand files and obturated with the lateral compaction technique or instrumented with a single file in a reciprocating movement and obturated with a single-cone technique. The root canal filling quality, the occurrence of sealer extrusion, and apical periodontitis healing were the outcomes of interest. Data were analyzed through chi-square analysis, and the odds ratio for healing was adjusted using a logistic regression model (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the endodontic techniques regarding the root filling quality or sealer extrusion. Six months after treatment, both endodontic techniques presented equivalent results regarding apical periodontitis healing. The healing rate was affected only by the periapical status at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The obturation of the root canal of the anterior teeth using reciprocating file-matched single cones presented a similar quality to that obtained with manual instrumentation followed by the lateral condensation technique. Similar healing rates of apical lesions were also observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For treating anterior teeth with apical periodontitis, a reciprocating single-file, single-treatment protocol was as effective as a traditional protocol combining hand instrumentation and the lateral compaction obturation technique.

O impacto do paciente oncológico ativista no ecossistema de saúde / The activist cancer patient impact in the health ecosystem

Por meio de iniciativas independentes, pacientes manifestam-se de acordo com três diferentes grupos comportamentais: cativos, fleumáticos e ativistas. O presente ensaio discute a importância dos pacientes ativistas no ecossistema da saúde pública e privada do Brasil. Os pacientes oncológicos ativistas e seus projetos geram impacto em outros pacientes, em toda a cadeia dos profissionais de saúde e na consciência da população. A participação dos pacientes ativistas em iniciativas, como microcanais de conteúdo em redes sociais, campanhas e participação em Organizações Não Governamentais, também é essencial para a conscientização, desde que ofereçam representatividade e responsabilidade. Oativismo dos pacientes não está ligado a um perfil específico, mas sim a um grande desejo de conexão com outras pessoas, queestejam vivendo experiências ou dificuldades similares. O ativismo pode ser encarado como uma atividade recorrente, voluntária e odesejo de construir mudanças de comportamento. As biografias e projetos dos pacientes ativistas são transformados em legado,quebrando o estereótipo de uma pessoa doente para uma pessoa que protagoniza seu tratamento, disseminando sua experiência. Tornam-se necessários novos diálogos sobre a relação dos profissionais de saúde com seus pacientes e da responsabilidade dos pacientes ativistas com suas audiências.

Percepção de adolescentes gestantes sobre a assistência de enfermagem ao pré-natal / Perception of pregnant adolescents about prenatal nursing care

Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de adolescentes gestantes sobre a assistência de enfermagem ao pré-natal. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo de análise descritiva. Participaram 10 gestantes adolescentes cadastradas nas áreas de abrangência de uma unidade de saúde onde realizaram a consulta de pré-natal no município de Feira de Santana-BA, em 2016. Foi realizada uma entrevista, orientada por um roteiro semiestruturado, com o uso de mídia digital do tipo gravação de áudio. Resultados: A partir da análise temática de conteúdo de Minayo, definiram-se três categorias empíricas: "A busca do pré-natal"; "Pontos positivos e negativos"; e "Esclarecimento das dúvidas durante as consultas". Ainda existe falta de informação e conhecimento sobre a importância do pré-natal; relevante influência da família na adesão ao pré-natal e os pontos positivos e negativos sobre a consulta de enfermagem no pré-natal, indicando as possibilidades da atuação do enfermeiro para uma melhor assistência. Conclusão: Percebe-se a necessidade de ampliação e melhoria da assistência pré-natal realizada pelo enfermeiro. (AU)

Objective: To describe the perception of pregnant adolescents about prenatal nursing care. Methodology: Qualitative study of descriptive analysis. Ten pregnant women registered in the areas covered by the health unit where they attended the prenatal consultation in the municipality of Feira de Santana-BA, in 2016. Participated in an interview, guided by a semi-structured script, using digital media. of the audio recording type. Results: Based on Minayo's thematic content analysis, three empirical categories were defined: "The search for prenatal care"; "Positive and negative points"; and "Clarification of doubts during consultations". There is still a lack of information and knowledge about the importance of prenatal care; Relevant influence of the family on prenatal adherence and the positive and negative points about the prenatal nursing consultation, indicating the possibilities of the nurse's performance for better care. Conclusion: It is noticed the need for expansion and improvement of prenatal care performed by nurses. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de adolescentes embarazadas sobre la atención de enfermería prenatal. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de análisis descriptivo. Diez mujeres embarazadas se registraron en las áreas cubiertas por la unidade de salud donde asistieron a la consulta prenatal en el municipio de Feira de Santana-BA, en 2016. Participaron en una entrevista, guiados por un guión semiestructurado, utilizando medios digitales del tipo de grabación de audio. Resultados: Basado en el análisis de contenido temático de Minayo, se definieron tres categorías empíricas: "La búsqueda de atención prenatal"; "Puntos positivos y negativos"; y "Aclaración de dudas durante las consultas". Todavía hay una falta de información y conocimiento sobre la importancia de la atención prenatal; Influencia relevante de la familia en la adherencia prenatal y los puntos positivos y negativos sobre la consulta de enfermería prenatal, lo que indica las posibilidades del desempeño de la enfermera para una mejor atención. Conclusión: se observa la necesidad de expansión y mejora de la atención prenatal realizada por las enfermeras. (AU)

In vitro evaluation of tooth discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic therapy and the effectiveness of the walking bleach technique.

BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the coronal discoloration induced by different materials or blood as well as the effect of internal bleaching on discoloration. METHODS: After tooth color measurement at baseline with a sphere spectrophotometer (CIE L*a*b*), the root canals of molars were partially filled with white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), or a cotton pellet with bovine blood (control) was placed into the pulp chamber. The color changes were assessed at 30, 60, and 180 days after the procedure. Following the discoloration, internal bleaching was performed with a mixture of sodium perborate and hydrogen peroxide inserted into the pulp chamber, and this mixture was replaced weekly for 3 weeks. At baseline, after staining and after bleaching, the data of each color parameter were individually analyzed by one-way ANOVA, while differences in pooled color changes (∆E00) were assessed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS: After the staining period, the TAP-stained specimens were darker and greener than the other specimens, and no difference was observed between the teeth stained with blood and those stained with MTA. The walking bleach technique resulted in an improved tooth color without a difference in the color changes among the different groups. CONCLUSION: The TAP-stained specimens had the greatest tooth discoloration, and the discoloration remained the highest after the walking bleach technique. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This in vitro study demonstrated that TAP yielded higher tooth discoloration, and this color might hinder a satisfactory tooth color from being obtained with the walking bleach technique.

Mitotic Spindle Attachment to the Holocentric Chromosomes of Cuscuta europaea Does Not Correlate With the Distribution of CENH3 Chromatin.

The centromere is the region on a chromosome where the kinetochore assembles and spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. In the vast majority of eukaryotes, the centromere position is determined epigenetically by the presence of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENH3. In species with monocentric chromosomes, CENH3 is confined to a single chromosomal region corresponding to the primary constriction on metaphase chromosomes. By contrast, in holocentrics, CENH3 (and thus centromere activity) is distributed along the entire chromosome length. Here, we report a unique pattern of CENH3 distribution in the holocentric plant Cuscuta europaea. This species expressed two major variants of CENH3, both of which were deposited into one to three discrete regions per chromosome, whereas the rest of the chromatin appeared to be devoid of CENH3. The two CENH3 variants fully co-localized, and their immunodetection signals overlapped with the positions of DAPI-positive heterochromatic bands containing the highly amplified satellite repeat CUS-TR24. This CENH3 distribution pattern contrasted with the distribution of the mitotic spindle microtubules, which attached at uniform density along the entire chromosome length. This distribution of spindle attachment sites proves the holocentric nature of C. europaea chromosomes and also suggests that, in this species, CENH3 either lost its function or acts in parallel to an additional CENH3-free mechanism of kinetochore positioning.

Plant centromeres: genetics, epigenetics and evolution.

The centromere is a functional locus of the chromosome responsible for chromatid cohesion and segregation in cell division. Usually, the centromeres can be distinguished from the remaining chromosomal regions either in structure, as they are heterochromatic constrictions that divide the chromosome in two arms, or in molecular constitution, as they have an exclusive H3 histone variant and specific DNA sequences. Besides being essential for genetic stability of eukaryotes, centromere is particularly interesting since it plays conserved roles but show high variability on organization and DNA composition. Centromeres are usually composed by satellite repeats and retrotransposons and the sequences can differ even among closely related species. Some unusual configurations containing single copy DNA were also described, including even some transcribed genes. In this review, we discuss molecular constitution, epigenetics and different types of centromere, with emphasis on plant centromeres. We also present recent advances about evolutionary processes involved in origin and differentiation of centromeres.